WHAT IS "AFFORDABLE" HOUSING IN
BRATTLEBORO?
warning: There is no scientific answer that everyone
will agree on.
The federal
government figures that housing should not take more than 30% of a household's
gross income. (In rental housing the 30% includes rent and all utilities; in
single-family housing it includes
mortgage, taxes and insurance.) That federal standard is the generally
accepted definition of affordability.
Obviously, even
the fanciest housing is affordable to someone.
But, in common usage, affordable means affordable to low-income people.
"Low-income,"
as used by the government and by every entity that deals with the government,
means that a household's gross annual income is below 80% of the county's1 median income. And the county's median income is estimated
by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and published each
year around February.
"Low-income"
is commonly used to mean any household with income below the 80%
standard. But HUD distinguishes two
other groups. "Very low
income" means that a household's gross income is below 50% of median. And "extremely low income" is below
30%.
The median
annual income for a four-person household in
a
"low-income" household here would have income between $29,100 (50% of
median) and $46,560 (80%);
a "very low
income" household would have income between $17,460 (30% of median) and
$29,100;
and an
"extremely low income" household would have income below $17,460.
But
those figures are all for a four-person household. HUD adjusts its definition of low-income to
reflect household size. It does this by
formula, based on the median for a four-person household:
maximum "low
income" for a 1-person household is 70% of the 4-person maximum
" 2-person " 80% "
" 3-person " 90% "
" 4-person " 100% "
" 5-person " 108% "
" 6-person " 116% "
" 7-person " 124% "
We
now can calculate the maximum a household can pay in Windham County if their
housing - rented or owned - is to be considered "affordable."
(surprising)
maximum housing costs affordable for a "low-income" household
according
to HUD's version of County median income2_________________________
maximum income to be "low-income" ÷ 12 months x 30% = maximum
size of
household (80% of HUD's County median)__ ___affordable monthly cost____
1 $32,592 $ 815
2 37,248
931
3 41,904 1,048
4 46,560
1,164
5 50,285 1,257
6 54,010
1,350
7 57,734
1,443
over
HOWEVER:
Those figures are based on a median income for Windham County that is
widely questioned. For one thing, Census
data make clear that Brattleboro's median is significantly lower than the
County's due to a disproportionate
number of low-income people living here and a disproportionate number of
high-income people living in some other parts of the County.
THEREFORE: In
considering the Brattleboro population, we estimate that 60% of HUD's County
median is a closer gauge of "low-income" than 80%. So, when working with HUD's figures, we use
for "low-income" 60%
of HUD's median.
Maximum housing
costs affordable for a low-income family are then as follows:2
maximum income to
be what we
consider low-income for
size of
household (60%
of HUD's County median)__ ___
affordable monthly cost___
1
$24,440
$ 611
2
27,936 698
3
31,428
786
4 34,920
873
5
37,714
943
6 40,507
1,013
7
43,301
1,083
This will all be
simpler when we have more current Census data for Brattleboro. We will then be better able to adapt HUD's County figures. Meanwhile,
our practice is to use 60%-of-HUD-median as our standard for "low-income" and to
calculate affordable housing costs from there (as in box).
Brattleboro Area
Affordable Housing
9/07
___________
1 HUD does not estimate
median incomes for rural towns – only for counties. Census data give a more accurate
Brattleboro picture but, unfortunately, are
out-of-date.
2 A more familiar way to
look at affordable housing cost may be to work from hourly wages:
maximum affordable
housing cost
$ 8/hour =
$16,640/year ÷ 12 x 30% =
$ 416
10/hour 20,800/year " 520
12/hour 24,960/year " 624
15/hour 31,200/year " 780
20/hour 41,600/year " 1,040
But it probably is best to stick with a
HUD-based formula since theirs is the common currency.